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What is the Greatest Common Factor (GCF)?In mathematics, the greatest common factor (GCF), also known as the greatest common divisor, of two (or more) non-zero integers a and b, is the largest positive integer by which both integers can be divided. It is commonly denoted as GCF(a, b). For example, GCF(32, 256) = 32. Prime Factorization MethodThere are multiple ways to find the greatest common factor of given integers. One of these involves computing the prime factorizations of each integer, determining which factors they have in common, and multiplying these factors to find the GCD. Refer to the example below.
Prime factorization is only efficient for smaller integer values. Larger values would make the prime factorization of each and the determination of the common factors, far more tedious. Euclidean AlgorithmAnother method used to determine the GCF involves using the Euclidean algorithm. This method is a far more efficient method than the use of prime factorization. The Euclidean algorithm uses a division algorithm combined with the observation that the GCD of two integers can also divide their difference. The algorithm is as follows: GCF(a, a) = a In practice:
From the example above, it can be seen that GCF(268442, 178296) = 2. If more integers were present, the same process would be performed to find the GCF of the subsequent integer and the GCF of the previous two integers. Referring to the previous example, if instead the desired value were GCF(268442, 178296, 66888), after having found that GCF(268442, 178296) is 2, the next step would be to calculate GCF(66888, 2). In this particular case, it is clear that the GCF would also be 2, yielding the result of GCF(268442, 178296, 66888) = 2.
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What is factoring?A polynomial with rational coefficients can sometimes be written as a product of lower-degree polynomials that also have rational coefficients. In such cases, the polynomial is said to "factor over the rationals." Factoring is a useful way to find rational roots (which correspond to linear factors) and simple roots involving square roots of integers (which correspond to quadratic factors). Polynomials with rational coefficients always have as many roots, in the complex plane, as their degree; however, these roots are often not rational numbers. In such cases, the polynomial will not factor into linear polynomials. Rational functions are quotients of polynomials. Like polynomials, rational functions play a very important role in mathematics and the sciences. Just as with rational numbers, rational functions are usually expressed in "lowest terms." For a given numerator and denominator pair, this involves finding their greatest common divisor polynomial and removing it from both the numerator and denominator. How do you factor out the greatest common factor of a polynomial?To factor the GCF out of a polynomial, we do the following: Find the GCF of all the terms in the polynomial. Express each term as a product of the GCF and another factor. Use the distributive property to factor out the GCF.
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